See e.g., No. Directors Liabilities and Responsibilities, Joint Ventures and International Business Agreements, Acquisition and Sale of U.S. or Foreign Companies, Fiduciary duties of officers and directors, Litigation, arbitration and risk management, E-2 Visa Requirements, Eligibility and Benefits, EB-1C Multinational Manager and Executive, P-1 Visa Athletes and Entertainment Groups. Today, a minor is not recognized to possessed full legal capacity to contract. A covenant is dependent where it goes to the whole consideration of the contract; where it is such an essential part of the bargain that the failure of it must be considered as destroying the entire contract; or where it is such an indispensable part of what both parties intended that the contract would not have been made with the covenant omitted. Steak House, Inc., 65 So. In an affirmative defense, you do not contest the claims of the plaintiff; however, you do contest that there were additional factors that render the breach of contract claim irrelevant. We want to hear your story, and share ours. Butler v. Yusem, 44 So. Click the icon above to call Gulisano Law now for a free consultation. Click here for a more detailed description of how I, asan experienced Florida debt attorney, can defend your debt collection lawsuit. Extra-Contractual Damages cannot be Recovered against Property Insurer Absent Bad Faith Claim, In Ruling on Motion to Compel Arbitration, Trial Court Must Determine whether Parties Bound by Arbitration Provision, Recording Documents in Public Records to put Others on Constructive Notice, Proposals for Settlement and Dismissals WITHOUT PREJUDICE, Just because You Recovered an Affirmative Judgment does NOT Mean you Are the Prevailing Party for Purposes of Attorneys Fees, PLEAD SUFFICIENT ALLEGATIONS SUPPORTING PERSONAL JURISDICTION, Pleading the 5th Amendment Right Against Self Incrimination in a Civil Dispute, Owner can Testify as to the Value of His Property, Piercing the Corporate Veil is NO Easy Feat, 3-Step Process to Determine Production of Document under Trade Secret Privilege, Loss of Future Earning Capacity Damages Must be Proven with Reasonable Degree of Certainty, Declaration Cannot Take Away Common Elements in a Condominium, Properly Alleging a Trade Secret Misappropriation Claim under Florida Law. noun. U.S. Bank National Association v. Qadir, 47 Fla.L.Weekly D1564b (Fla. 1st DCA 2022) (citations omitted). This is because that party also committed a breach of contract. See Felgenhauer v. Bonds, 891 So.2d 1043, 1045 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL Lorit demands a jury trial. Admitted. Seventh Affirmative Defense 7. Our West Palm Beach business litigation attorneys are here to expand on the subject of affirmative defenses to a breach of contract claim. Copyright 2013 Rudnitsky Law Firm . Deerfield Beach, FL 33442 (561) 894-9862, 9825 Marina Boulevard 2d 470, 472 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975) (A time is of the essence provision will be given effect provided it is shown to be clearly applicable to the contract requirement against which it is sought to be applied.). The prior breach doctrine only applies if the other party breached the contract first, or prior to, any alleged breach by the party seeking to utilize the doctrine. Defendants did not know or show reckless disregard for whether their conduct was prohibited by the FLSA. To establish a material breach, the party alleged to have breached the contract must have failed to perform a duty that goes to the essence of the contract and is of such significance that it relieves the injured party from further performance of its contractual duties. Burlington & Rockenbach, P.A. The passing of the Statute of Limitations means that the time limit for filing a lawsuit for a breach of contract has expired. Typically, these set-off statutes apply when the plaintiff received money from a defendant / tortfeasor who was vicariously liable for the other defendants acts. The doctrine of avoidable consequences is an affirmative defense that can be used in certain property damage lawsuits. ~ From the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, About Contract & Business Jury Instructions, Florida's Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions, Section 600 Substantive Instructions General, Appendix AHow to Write and Use Jury Instruction in Civil Cases, 416.3 Contract Formation Essential Factual Elements, 416.4 Breach of Contract Essential Factual Elements, 416.9 Contract Formation Revocation of Offer, 416.11 Contract Formation Acceptance by Silence or Conduct, 416.15 Interpretation Meaning of Ordinary Words, 416.16 Interpretation Meaning of Disputed Technical or Special Words, 416.17 Interpretation Construction of Contract as a Whole, 416.18 Interpretation Construction by Conduct, 416.20 Interpretation Construction Against Drafter, 416.21 Existence of Condition Precedent Disputed, 416.22 Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent, 416.24 Breach of Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing, 416.25 Affirmative Defense Mutual Mistake of Fact, 416.26 Affirmative Defense Unilateral Mistake of Fact, 416.27 Affirmative Defense Undue Influence, 416.28 Affirmative Defense Fraud in the Inducement, 416.29 Affirmative Defense Negligent Misrepresentation, 416.32 Affirmative Defense Statute of Limitations, 416.33 Affirmative Defense Equitable Estoppel, 416.35 Affirmative Defense Judicial Estoppel, 416.36 Affirmative Defense Ratification, 416.42 Breach of Duty to Disclose- Residential, 504.4 Damages for Complete Destruction to Business, 504.5 Owners Damages for Breach of Contract to Construct Improvements on Real Property, 504.7 Buyers Damages for Breach of Contract for Sale of Real Property, 504.8 Sellers Damages for Breach of Contract to Purchase Real Property, 504.10 Present Cash Value of Future Damages, How to Write and Use Jury Instruction in Civil Cases, Form 416.2 Model Form of Verdict for Third-Party Beneficiary of Contract Claim, Form 416.3 Model Form of Verdict for Formation of Contract, Form 416.4. Trust Invs., N.A. For instance, say a plaintiff sues three defendants in negligence for the same damage. A contract that violates provisions of the law cannot be enforced in court. H. Clay Parker, Esq. In the case of duress and undue influence, a party was forced to sign a contract against his or her will. 2DO8-1847 (Fla. 2d DCA, February 27, 2009), illustrates an interesting defense to a tortious interference claim. Call (561) 953-6662. A set of facts that, if true, entitle an individual or entity to be awarded a remedy by a court of law. The invaluable online tool for litigation and transactional attorneys. 2d at 738 (emphasis added). Check and see if the claim for breach of fiduciary duty is merely a restated breach of contract claim. The amount of damages recoverable for breach of a contract to construct improvements on real property is: . Sixth Affirmative Defense 6. Suite 100A For more information about our trial practice and for a free consultation please call us day or night, e-mail us, or complete the contact form below. Defending against breach of contract claims requires a meticulous review of your situation and a full exploration of your options and available defenses. See e.g., Indemnity Ins. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 801 Northpoint Parkway P. 1.110. Did You Receive a Copyright Infringement Demand Letter. The basis for the claim is that even if you owe the plaintiff money on its claim, it owes you money on other claims, and your claim can reduce the value of plaintiff's claim. In response, APCO filed its Answer, which included multiple affirmative defenses to Zitting's breach of contract claim. 11 (1) A written covenant not to sue or release of a person who is or may be. Mistakes can be divided into unilateral or mutual. Please contact David Adelstein at [emailprotected] or (954) 361-4720 if you have questions or would like more information regarding this article. In Florida, the prosecution of a residential mortgage foreclosure action must be by the owner and holder of the . crimes of theft, robbery, and exploitation of elderly persons). An affirmative defense is different than just defending your lawsuit. The materiality requirement mandates that the breached contractual duty must be of significant importance. Denied. P. 1.110(d), and Other Standard Defenses, Breach: 02. Stuart, FL 34994 III. Trust Invs., N.A. EIGHTH AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE (Doe/Roe Defendants) 8. For example, four (4) widgets at $8.00 each would be a material breach of a contract for four (4) widgets at $4.00 each. A prior breach may also be waived where the party did not complain of the prior breach at the time it happened and instead continued to perform under the contract. See Toyota Tsusho Am., Inc. v. Crittenden, 732 So. 3d at 1309 (Whether a particular breach is material raises an issue of fact.). In these instances, the conduct of the parties following a prior breach will determine whether a prior breach claim or defense can be sustained. Civil theft claims can be alleged by individuals and businesses alike, and are meant to create civil liability for criminal practices that are violations of 812.012-812.037 or 825.103 (1) of the Florida Statutes (i.e. See e.g., Edwards Waters College, Inc. v. Johnson, 707 So. Between these two straight forward tenants of business stands a warranty. Model Form of Verdict for Breach of Contract, Form 416.5 Model Form of Verdict for Oral or Written Contract Terms, Form 416.6 Model Form of Verdict for Contract Implied in Fact, Form 416.7 Model Form of Verdict for Contract Implied in Law, Form 416.8 Model Form of Verdict for Contract FormationOffer, Form 416.10 Model Form of Verdict for Contract FormationAcceptance, Form 416.11 Model Form of Verdict for Contract FormationAcceptance by Silence Or Conduct, Form 416.12 Model Form of Verdict for Substantial Performance of Contract, Form 416.13 Model Form of Verdict for Modification of Term(s) Of Contract, Form 416.14 Model Form of Verdict for InterpretationDisputed Term(s), Form 416.15 Model Form of Verdict for InterpretationMeaning of Ordinary Words, Form 416.16 Model Form of Verdict for InterpretationMeaning of Disputed Technical or Special Words, Form 416.17 Model Form of Verdict for InterpretationConstruction of Contract as a Whole, Form 416.18 Model Form of Verdict for InterpretationConstruction by Conduct, Form 416.19 Model Form of Verdict for Interpretation of ContractReasonable Time, Form 416.20 Model Form of Verdict for InterpretationConstruction Against Drafter, Form 416.21 Model Form of Verdict for Existence of Conditions Precedent Disputed, Form 416.22 Model Form of Verdict for Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent of Contract Claim, Form 416.24. The fourth element of the prior breach analysis examines whether the party seeking to avail itself of the doctrine waived the ability to do so. Hamilton, 6 F. Supp. Rule 1.110 - GENERAL RULES OF PLEADING. If a defendant denies all plaintiff claims, the plaintiff has the burden of proving their case. 13. ), Equitable Relief: One seeking Equity MUST do Equity, Exculpatory Clauses will be Strictly Construed to Determine Enforceability, Do Yourself a Favor: Get a Court Reporter at that Impactful Hearing, Real Estate Brokers are NOT Immune from Liability, Res Judicata and 4 Requirements that Must be Demonstrated, Writ of Prohibition to Prevent Trial Court from Exceeding Jurisdiction, Directed Verdict Granted where No View of Evidence Could Support Jury Verdict, Petition for Writ of Mandamus Directing Trial Court to Take Action, Considerations: Independent Tort Doctrine and Claim Known as Equitable Accounting, Waiver is a Voluntary Relinquishment of a Known Right that Must be Proven with a Clear Showing, Dismissal Without Prejudice does NOT Trigger Attorneys Fees under Proposal for Settlements, Bert Harris Act and Competing Motions for Summary Judgment, Plaintiff MUST Confer Direct Benefit on Defendant to Prove Unjust Enrichment, You Cannot Intentionally Render Moot a Plaintiffs Lawsuit, Apparent Authority of Agent to Bind Principal, Serving the Civil Remedy Notice (CRN) to Perfect a First-Party Bad Faith Insurance Claim, Breach of Express Contract is Exception to Sovereign Immunity, Moving for and Challenging a Protective Order under the Apex Doctrine, Purchase-and-Sale Contract: Your Right to Modify Them, Premise Liability and Duty Owed to Business Invitees, Recovering Attorneys Fees in Litigating the Amount of Attorneys Fees, Business Interruption due to COVID-19 NOT Covered under Commercial Property Insurance Policy, Foreseeability and the Duty Element of a Negligence Claim, Post-Judgment Receiver Appointed to Collect on Behalf of Judgment Creditor, Reminder: Not Every Breach is a Material Breach of Contract, Adding a Non-Party Fabre Defendant to the Verdict Form, 3-Step Process for Objections to Trade Secrets, Attorneys Fees to Prevailing Party Under FDUTPA Claim are PERMISSIVE, Contractually Disclaiming a Fraud Claim (Possible, but not Easy to do), Floridas Single Publication Rule (and Defamation Claims), Reasonable Time to Accept Settlement Offer (is a Question of Fact), Contingency Fee Multiplier Must Establish the Relevant Market Factor, Business Judgment Rule Designed to Shield Directors from Personal Liability, Ambiguity in Insurance Policy Interpreted in Favor of Insured, Pure Bill of Discovery NOT for Purposes of Fishing Expedition, Partition Action does Not Result in Money Damages Against a Party, Consider Prevailing Party Attorneys Fees before Voluntarily Dismissing Case, Confession of Judgment does Not Start the Clock to File Motion for Attorneys Fees, Quick Note: Motion for Protective Order Reviewed Under Abuse of Discretion Standard of Review, There are NO Magic Buzz Words to Effectuate an Assignment, Presuit Appraisal Requirement under Bert J. Harris Act, Determining whether Lis Pendens Against Property is Appropriate Fair Nexus, Recovering Attorneys Fees Incurred on Partys Behalf, To Pierce Corporate Veil, there Needs to be Sufficient Findings of Improper Conduct, Timely Moving for Trial De Novo after Non-Binding Arbitration Award, Attorneys Fees do Not have to be Quantified in Proposal for Settlement, A Bad Deal does NOT Make It an Unlawful Deal, Dismissal of Complaint (Action under Floridas Public Whistleblower Act) for Failure to State Cause of Action, Duty Element of Negligence Did Defendants Conduct Foreseeably Create Broader Zone of Risk, Trier of Fact Determines Weight of the Evidence, Oops! The remaining defendant proceeds to trial but a) thinks its liability is no more than $100,000 and b) wants to reap the benefit of the $100,000 already obtained by the plaintiff from the other two defendants. (305) 921-0440 info@jflawfirm.com (305) 921-0440; About Us. We understand the aggravation and stress that accompanies a breach of warranty lawsuit because were people. 416.4 (Breach of ContractEssential Factual Elements); 416.20 (Interpretation Construction Against Drafter); 416.24 (Breach of Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing); 416.25 (Affirmative DefenseMutual Mistake of Fact); and 416.26 (Affirmative Defense Unilateral Mistake of Fact). The second element, which requires that the breach be material, bears on the nature and impact of the breach. For example, a prior breach may be waived where the party continued to retain or enjoy benefits under the contract after learning about prior breach the breach. Specifically, TWC contends that Diverse's claim for breach of contract, as to the 2001 Agreement, is barred by novation 2d 749, 752 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008), the Court found that a commercial lessors failure to obtain an estimate by a contractor or architect, as required by the lease, prior to sending notice of its intent to terminate lease was a technical, rather than a material, breach of a commercial lease agreement. The third element requires that the breached contractual provision be a dependent covenant. Most defenses to breach of contract are "affirmative defenses." Breach of contract means a party, who formerly assured to do so, has failed to live up to their side of the deal. The impossibility of performance means that the defending party is unable to perform according to the provisions of the contract due to an unforeseen incident. Acts of God may include hurricanes, earthquakes, etc., which halted the normal working of the defendant. Denied. Extra-Contractual Damages cannot be Recovered against Property Insurer Absent Bad Faith Claim, In Ruling on Motion to Compel Arbitration, Trial Court Must Determine whether Parties Bound by Arbitration Provision, Recording Documents in Public Records to put Others on Constructive Notice, Proposals for Settlement and Dismissals WITHOUT PREJUDICE, Just because You Recovered an Affirmative Judgment does NOT Mean you Are the Prevailing Party for Purposes of Attorneys Fees, PLEAD SUFFICIENT ALLEGATIONS SUPPORTING PERSONAL JURISDICTION, Pleading the 5th Amendment Right Against Self Incrimination in a Civil Dispute, Owner can Testify as to the Value of His Property, Piercing the Corporate Veil is NO Easy Feat, 3-Step Process to Determine Production of Document under Trade Secret Privilege, Loss of Future Earning Capacity Damages Must be Proven with Reasonable Degree of Certainty, Declaration Cannot Take Away Common Elements in a Condominium, Properly Alleging a Trade Secret Misappropriation Claim under Florida Law. An affirmative defense is the most common means of defense in a breach of contract case. affirmative relief and sue on the basis of any cause of action that may be appropriate in a particular situation. Value of Restrictive Covenant when Moving for Permanent Injunction, Reasonable Attorneys Fee Hearing Does Attorney Need to Testify at Hearing, Word to the Wise: File Your Notice of Appeal TIMELY, Contract is Not Hearsay; It has Independent Legal Significance, Voluntarily Dismissing a Lawsuit that Gives Rise to Attorneys Fees (Oh No! An affirmative defense to a criminal charge or a civil suit is a fact or group of facts that differ from those asserted by the prosecutor or plaintiff which, if successfully proven by the defendant, mitigates or entirely defeats the legal repercussions of the defendant's otherwise illegal actions. Gordon v. Marvin M. Rosenberg, D.D.S., P.A., 654 So.2d 643, 645 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995). It is a hard defense to prevail on because it is akin to fraud: Unclean hands is an equitable defense much like fraud. Where a mistake of one party at the time a contract was made as to a basic assumption on which he made the contract has a material effect on the agreed exchange of performances that is adverse to him, the contract is voidable by him if he does not bear the risk of the mistake, and (a) the effect of the mistake is such that performance of the contract would be unconscionable, or (b) the other party had reason to know of the mistake or his fault caused the mistake. Even though excuse for mistake concerns mistaken assumptions about reality at the time of contracting, the mere fortuity that the mistake concerned events occurring after the contract was formed will transform the issues into one of impossibility of performance or frustration of purpose. Bd. An affirmative defense is one of the most common types of defenses against a breach-of-contract claim. I Sued the Wrong Party and Need to Amend the Complaint AFTER the Expiration of the Statute of Limitations, Declaratory Judgment / Relief Considerations, Affidavit Used to Support or Defend Against Summary Judgment, Calculating the Judgment Obtained in Determining Proposals for Settlement, Establishing Punitive Damages Against a Corporation, Premise Liability Claims and Case Example of Slip on Uneven Floors, Discussion on the Difference Between Replacement Cost Value and Fair Market Value, FINANCIAL DISCOVERY FROM EXPERT WITNESSES TO SHOW BIAS, The Bench Trial and Competent Substantial Evidence, Demonstrating the Difficult Burden in PIERCING the Corporate Veil, Vicarious Liability and the Going and Coming Rule, Courts are not Here to Rewrite Bargained for Contractual Provisions, Civil Theft has a Rigorous Burden of Proof, There can be a Winner for Prevailing Party Attorneys Fees when Both Parties Lose, Moving for a Remittitur to Reduce Jurys Verdict, Appealing a Discovery Order Requiring the Production of Work Product, Non-Signatory Compelling Arbitration based on Equitable Estoppel, Procedure Over Substance when it comes to Temporary Injunction Order, Proposals for Settlements and Attaching Releases, Dismissal due to Fraud on the Court Post-Jury Verdict Not Soooooo Fast, Special Venue Rule in Breach of Contract Actions Known as Debtor-Creditor Rule, Do Not Overlook Reviewing the Forum Selection Provision in the Contract, Expert Cannot Serve as Conduit for Inadmissible Evidence / Hearsay, Florida Supreme Court says No! Whether it comes by way of arbitration or litigation, a positive resolution depends on your ability to carefully examine the most appropriate defense for your case. A Misrepresentation is Not the Same as a Breach of Contract, Owner Jointly and Severally Liable for Nondelegable Duty, Corporation Administratively Dissolved for Failing to File Annual Report can Still Prosecute Action, Application of the Non-Party Fabre Defendant, Evidentiary Hearing when Lis Pendens NOT based on Duly Recorded Instrument, Mandatory or Permissive Forum Selection Provision, Limitation on Real Estate Brokers Procuring Cause Doctrine, The Declaration of Condominium Says what It Says, Employer cannot Retaliate against Employee for Workers Compensation Claim, Enforcement of Non-Compete and Non-Solicitation Provision, Absolute Immunity Protects Public Officials from Defamation, The Duty of Care Element in a Negligence Action is a Question of Law, Giving Rise to the Exception to Sovereign Immunity Against a Public Officer, Employee, or Agent, Deficient Jury Instruction could Amount to Reversible Error, How to Factor a Postoffer Settlement into a Proposal for Settlement Analysis, Refuting Affirmative Defenses in Motion for Summary Judgment. In order to be successful, the plaintiff must prove all three elements mentioned above. With Advantageous Business Relationship, Tortious Interference: 2. One of these affirmative defenses was a failure of conditions-precedent. v. Domino, 896 So. With respect to mistake as an affirmative defense, the Restatement of contracts states that where a mistake of both parties at the time a contract was made as to a basic assumption on which the contract as made has a material effect on the agreed exchange of performances, the contract is voidable by the adversely affected party unless he bears the risk of the mistake. You would use an affirmative case if someone were suing you for breaking a contract. The Florida Second District Court of Appeals' recent decision in Fiberglass Coatings v. Interstate Chemical, Inc., Case No. Fraud. There are defenses to contract that arise at the time the contract is formed and other defenses that may arise after the contract is formed and can be raised to avoid contractual obligation such as change of circumstances which render performance impracticable. A cause of action is used synonymously with "theory" or "legal theory." In a traditional defense, you can simply point out that they failed to prove one of those elements with admissible evidence and win your lawsuit. 2023 The Florida Bar. It states that it had no intention of signing the contract but was tricked into doing so, and the provisions damaged the defending party. However, in addition to denials in your breach of contract suit answer, your answer should likely include affirmative defenses. Section 100 Oaths A settlement is an agreement between two parties in a lawsuit to resolve their dispute without a trial. handles contract litigation for business clients across Central Florida. Under this defense, the person or entity being accused of a breach of contract argues that the other party is not entitled to a remedy under Florida. FLORIDA BUSINESS LITIGATION: GUARANTORS AND AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES BASED ON UNDERLYING DEBT By Mavrick Law Firm When a guarantor is sued based on an absolute guarantee of a debt, the guarantor may either challenge the validity of the guarantee or show that the guaranteed debt is not owed. Download . In a breach of a contract dispute, the party raising the defense is responsible for proving the defense in court. (561) 948-5588, 900 SE Ocean Boulevard See Digesu v. Model Form of Verdict for Affirmative DefenseMutual Mistake of Fact, Form 416.28. 25. However, in order for it to apply in any context, four elements must be present: The first element should be obvious. Personal Jurisdiction and Florida Courts Two-Prong Analysis, Yes, Lawsuits are an Inconvenience, but this does NOT Mean You get Inconvenience Damages, Evidentiary Hearing Warranted before Compelling Non-Signatories to Arbitration, Mutual Mistake or Unilateral Mistake in Contract, Employees Premise Liability Claim Barred by Disclaimer / Release in Employment Agreement, Comparative Fault Applies when Substance of the Action is Sounded in Negligence, Work Product Document and Withholding of Documents Based on Doctrine, Nature of Disclosure under Floridas Public Whistleblower Act, Declaratory Relief in Insurance Coverage Dispute, Statute of Limitations Accrual for Breach of Contract, Enforce Settlement Agreement OR Breach of Settlement Agreement, Objecting and/or Refusing to Participate in Employers Activity in Violation of a Law, Rule, or Regulation under Floridas Whistleblower Act, Quick Note: Obtaining a Default Final Judgment, Appealing a Protective Order that Precludes You from Deposing Material Witness, Tortious Interference with Business Relationship and Two Defense Privileges, Possible or Speculative Events do Not Give Rise to Fraudulent Nondisclosure, Prevailing Party in Civil Action Entitled to Recover Costs, Properly Exercising the Right of First Refusal, Reasonable Attorneys Fees Expert when Attorneys Fees are the Damages, Prejudgment Interest for Economic Damages is Predicated on the Loss Theory, Take Advantage of Video Conference Consultations with an Attorney. Florida Rules of Civil Procedure. (The vicariously liable party is responsible to the plaintiff to the same extent as the primary [defendant] actor; both are jointly liable for all of the harm that the primary actor has caused. 3d 783, 787 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014) (Whether a breach is material and important is a question of degree, which must be answered by weighing the consequences of the breach in light of the actual custom of persons in the performance of contracts similar to the one involved in the particular case. Section 700 Closing Instructions Unlike the Florida state court authority on this issue, there are numerous federal District Court opinions supporting the position that a plaintiff asserting a breach of contract claim and declaratory judgment claim in the same action cannot state a "bona fide need" for the declaratory judgment when the breach of contract claim has not been 3d 102 (Fla. 2010), the Florida Supreme Court held that defendant's reliance need not be "justifiable." . 2d 1202, 1210 (M.D. For example, the Statute of Limitations for a breach of contract in Florida can be four years. It is asserted, but not really a defense a party can ever prove. While unclean hands may sound like a great affirmative defense in certain contexts, asserting the defense and actually proving and prevailing on it are two different things. If you prove an affirmative defense, you can win the lawsuit or reduce the amount of money the plaintiff can recover. When this happens, the party accused of the breach can raise various defenses. The warranty of title is covered under the UCC section 2-312.

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